Why is it ethically necessary for medical professionals to keep learning about their profession, even after becoming licensed? a. it enables medical professionals to give the best care. b. new treatments are always better than old ones. c. medical professionals need to take classes to renew their license. d. patients always want the latest treatment options.

You are assessing an 86-year-old postoperative patient who has an unexpressive, stoic demeanor. when you enter the room, the patient is curled into the fetal position and your assessment reveals that his vital signs are elevated and he is diaphoretic. you ask the patient what his pain level is on a 0-to-10 scale that you explained to the patient prior to surgery. the patient indicates a pain level of “three or so.” you review your pain-management orders and find that all medications are ordered prn. how would you treat this patient's pain?