It was during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that medicine emerged as a practice based on science instead of an art based on religion and superstition.

True.

Explanation:

In Egypt, the practice of medicine was perfected with a close connection with religion, after all, doctors attended to the Pharaohs, who were considered the incarnation of gods. At that time it was believed that the diseases arose because of some discontent of the gods, which should be pleased in order for the individual to be healed.

This thought has also been seen in cultures other than Egypt. During the Middle Ages the great challenge was to overcome the impositions and prohibitions of religion, which, by proposing that the human body was sacred, prevented desiccations and the study of the internal parts of the organism itself. Only in the fifteenth century (1401-1500) was the authorization to carry out the first dissections, the bodies chosen were from criminals sentenced to death. However, it was during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that medicine emerged as a science-based practice rather than an art based on religion and superstition.

Medicine, with the end of the impositions, developed and, allied with the discovery of other sciences such as biology, physics, chemistry, besides the society itself, we have the science we know today.