Which conclusion accurately explains africa's economic and government problems after independence

After the independence of many African countries (not all, for example, Ethiopia was never really colonized), the countries struggled both politically and economically - even more than before the independence. 

A huge reason for that is that the countries were not formed along the ethnic lines, but instead they were divided by the Europeans among themselves, so when the independence was gained, there were many internal conflicts between the ethnicities and religions. 

One example for this was the Rwandan Genocide - a result of the conflict between the Hutu and the Tutsi. 

Mantle convection is the process that drives plate tectonics. the theory of plate tectonics states that the crust is divided into plates that float on the semi molten mantle below. the circular motion of the magma as it slowly rises and falls or move though convection cells drags the plates along causing them to move. the heat source in the lamp would represent the earth's core. the core is the source of energy that drives convection in the mantle. the lava represents molten magma under the earth's surface. if the lava lamp had floating pieces they would move as the circular motion of the lava in the lamp as it rises and falls would move them along the surface. these floating pieces would represent pieces of the earth's crust. 

It is the second answer