How did the labor shortage caused by the plague affect the economies of western europe

What is the difference between external & internal migration

Ascientist is explaining how background cosmic radiation gives evidence of the big bang theory. she says that radiation has been detected everywhere equally as heat in the universe and is increasing. this has been shown to be residual radiation from the big bang. what error did the scientist make?

Islam and the arabic language spread throughout north africa in the 600s primarily through a. african traders b. american colonists c. european explorers d. middle eastern armies select the best answer from the choices provided