Which of the following indicates a permafrost free area? a. the existence of black spruce trees b. a north-facing slope c. a south-facing slope d. the existence of white birch or white spruce trees

The existence of white birch or white spruce trees

Further Explanation:

Betula papyrifera is famously known as ‘white Birch’ and it was a short-lived species that was native to northern North America. The name paper birch comes from thin white bark of the tree and this thin bark is behind filling in the paper just like layers from the trunk. It is also the one among the many species that were colonized by a burned area that was within the northern latitude. The wood of white birch is used for pulpwood and firewood.  

It is considered as well adapted to the fire and the reason behind this is its quick recovery by means of reseeding the area of the burned tree. It is also adapted to the various ecosystems where fires take place every 50 to 150 years and its example is that it is very frequently an early invader after the fire took place in the black spruce forests.  

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Answer Details:

Grade: High School

Chapter: Spruce trees

Subject: Geography

Keywords: Alaska, Betula Papyrifera, Tree, ecosystem, species, standards, colonize, firewood, pulpwood.

a characteristic is a deep cut in the earth or left over rock aka till.