Europeans' desire for less control from a central government and greater local political autonomy is an example of

What you describe is called devolution. This is when power is transferred to lower levels. When devolution occurs, autonomous regions occur and things like federations are created because numerous autonomous regions work together under federative rule, but still retain a great degree of independence.

Humid continental climate is found in the interior of continents between the 30 and 60 degrees latitude, but usually above the 40 degree line.   40 degrees north of the equator means less direct sunlight and therefore less warmth.   this climate is mainly found in the northern hemisphere since there are no major landmasses in the southern hemisphere.  if you live in northern indiana, you know all about humid continental because that is the climate type you have!