These areas are created when land erosion and a high water table have allowed some of the water to percolate to the surface.

The appropriate response is Oasis. It is shaped from underground streams or aquifers, for example, an artesian aquifer, where water can achieve the surface normally by weight or by man-made wells. Periodic brief rainstorms give underground water to manage common desert gardens, for example, the Tuat. Substrata of impermeable shake and stone can trap water and hold it in pockets, or on long blaming subsurface edges or volcanic barriers water can gather and permeate to the surface.

Idk what country are we talking about?

Early in the story when tom finds an indian skull in the woods which he kicks in temper. the devil then makes his appearance and, as tom surveys him, he notices that the devil is neither "negro" nor "indian." in fact, he has a "swarthy" complexion and is "begrimed with soot."