In which layer of the atmosphere do meteors burn up?

This is a 2017 topographic map of puerto rico in the united states, and i'm sorry that people there have suffered such a disaster. i want to ask, what do the yellow dots and areas represent on this graph? and the blue area and the little blue circle, and the little blue sign that looks like a signal tower, what do they stand for?

What empire controlled most of the middle east except for a few years between 1516 and 1917, where was the capital of this empire located and what was the geographic extent of this empire?

Deep-ocean and are created by convergent boundaries of an ocean and continental crust