What is called a land that is abandoned

What does this grave marker reveal about roman society

17. the soil erosion pictured here is the result of what? a. harvesting renewable resources at a rate greater than the sustainable yield b. a mudslide caused by excessive rains c. harvesting renewable resources at a rate lower than the sustainable yield d. the transition between geologic eras and eons

Plzz on what physical process is responsible for the creation of volcanoes, earthquakes and ocean trenches at the plate margins?