What is the concepts of ENVIRONMENTAL DETERMINISM AND POSSIBILISM in Geographical thought?

Possibilism in cultural geography is the theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. ... Possibilism in geography is, thus, considered as a distinct approach to geographical knowledge, directly opposed to geographical determinism.

Possibilism is reaction to determinism and environmental determinism. It is based upon the assumption that environment sets certain constraints or limitations, but culture is otherwise determined by social conditions. This theory says that the true and only geographical problem is that to utilisation of possibilities.

Environmental determinism is the doctrine that human growth, development and activities are controlled by the physical environment (Lethwaite, 1966). Hence, factors of culture, race and intelligence are supposed to derive from the benign or malign influences of climate, and other aspects of human habitat.

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