Investiga y construye un texto de diudgacion cientifica, subraya las ideas principales que
encuentres con in color diferente y emite
valoracion personal sobre el tema investigado.​

This would be an open primary. a closed primary people can vote only prior to election day if the party if they are registered. independent voters can not participate. there is not a wide-open primary, but there is a semi-open primary.

Well, a and b together would be negative. b alone would also be negative.