What effect came from the Crusades (name 2)

Authority of the Popes declined.

Trade connections between East and West were strengthened.

Explanation:

Crusades were started in 11th Century when Pope Urban II called for protection of Holy Land and deliberation of tomb of Jesus Christ. But, as the Crusades were unsuccessful people started doubting the authority of the Catholic church. This eventually led to large changes in the church.

On the other side, although Crusades were military conquest, a new trade route was established that was connecting China with Europe. This route, known as the Silk Road was the greatest trade link of the Middle Ages.

just took the test the answer is b.

the answer is:

c. islam and christianity

explanation:

islam and christianity are widely practiced in africa. islam is practiced due to its spread from the middle east into africa, and christianity is practiced due to the colonization of africa by the british empire.