Shield Volcanoes - Mauna Loa, HI. Fly to Mauna Loa on the Big Island of Hawaii in the Hawaiian Islands, and then turn on the Mauna Loa Contour Map overlay. The brown lines are contours (lines of equal elevations). Use the Ruler tool to determine the horizontal distance between the Problem 1 placemarks and then subtract the elevations for each placemark from the contour map to determine the relief (vertical distance). Use the formula below to calculate the gradient at this location:. Gradient = relief (in feet) / Horizontal Distance ( miles )
a. -1 5°-10°
b. 15°-20°
c. 25°-35
d. 35°-45°