What is second pollution

Early in the story when tom finds an indian skull in the woods which he kicks in temper. the devil then makes his appearance and, as tom surveys him, he notices that the devil is neither "negro" nor "indian." in fact, he has a "swarthy" complexion and is "begrimed with soot."

Answer islamic scholars made advancements in technology, literature, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and the arts during this time period;