There is a deep trench in the sea floor off the Marianas volcanic arc of explosive, andesitic, Ring of Fire volcanoes in the South Pacific, but the water is not deep off the coast of Oregon and Washington near Mt. St. Helens and the Olympic, because:.
A) The Marianas, Oregon and Washington have trenches, but the trench off Oregon and Washington is filled by discarded Microsoft Windows CDs that are obsolete because of all the virus problems.
B) Oregon and Washington are near a subduction zone, but the Marianas are not.
C) The Marianas, Oregon and Washington have had the sea floor bent downward by subduction to make trenches, the trench off Oregon and Washington is filled by sediment eroded from the nearby continent, but the Marianas don't have a nearby continent and so the trench there is not filled with sediment.
D) The trench off Oregon and Washington is filled with great basaltic lava flows from the hot spot that feeds the Cascades volcanoes.
E) The Marianas are near a subduction zone, but Oregon and Washington are not.

Ecologist: the scottish highlands were once the site of extensive forests, but these forests have mostly disappeared and been replaced by peat bogs. the common view is that the highlands’ deforestation was caused by human activity, especially agriculture. however, [agriculture began in the highlands less than 2,000 years ago]. peat bogs, which consist of compressed decayed vegetable matter, build up by only about one footper 1,000 years and, [throughout the highlands, remains of trees in peat bogs are almost all at depths great than four feet]. since climate changes that occurred between 7,000 and 4,000 years ago favored the development of peat bogs rather than the survival of forests, the deforestation was more likely the result of natural processes than of human activity.in the ecologist’s argument the two portions in [parenthesis] play which of the following roles? a. the first is evidence that has been used in support of a position that the ecologist rejects; the second is a finding that the ecologist uses to counter that evidence.b. the first is evidence that, in light of the evidence provided in the second, serves as grounds for the ecologist’s rejection of a certain position.c. the first is a position that the ecologist rejects; the second is evidence that has been used in support of that position.d. the first is a position that the ecologist rejects; the second provides evidence in support of that rejection.e. the first is a position for which the ecologist argues; the second provides evidence to support that position.