What revolution changed our understanding of astronomy from the ptolemaic geocentric theory with earth at the center of the universe to the heliocentric with everything revolving around the sun with the sun as the center of the universe

The answer is: The Copernican Revolution.

Explanation:

The Copernican Revolution is the name of the scientific revolution that changed the way we see the world of Western culture.

Indeed, against the model of the Ptolemy Universe, the geocentric, which placed the planet Earth at the center of the universe and the rest of the celestial bodies circling around it, Copernicus proposed a new point of view according to which the The center of the universe was somewhere near the Sun and around it, the celestial bodies moved circularly, evenly and for all eternity. This included, as we know, the planet Earth.

The answer is: The Copernican Revolution.