This layer consists of plant residue atop the soil surface. on a forest floor, it may be leaves and twigs. in a field, it may be crop residue left after harvest. a) this layer forms the base geologic material in a particular location; it is sometimes called bedrock. b) this layer loses minerals and organic matter to the layer beneath it. c) this layer accumulates minerals and organic matter leached from upper soil layers. d) this layer consists of organic matter, humus, and inorganic minerals. e) it facilitates plant rooting, has high nutrient content, and holds water.

D

Explanation:

The humus layer is found above the uppermost soil layer and consists mostly of organic matter that is in various stages of decomposition. The organic matter is mostly from plants but can also come from animals. In addition to the organic matter, there are also non-compacted inorganic minerals present. Underneath the humus layer, the topsoil begins and is the first official soil layer.  

the answer is "d"

(context) if you were to travel to the middle east and go into peoples homes there would be like 4 generations in there

(more context) i'm pretty sure in the middle east they take loyalty and family bonds very serious

(last bit of context) i'm also positive that extended families are most commonly found in urban areas

it would be 2 or b because the clouds are a form of condensation