17-crabon had two natural stable isotopes: 12c and 13c

write the delta notation for how one would calculate fractionation of the heavier isotope.
pretend you collected a coral fossil with 0.011 g of 13c per 1 g of 12c. using the pbd standard) pee dee belemnite, a fossil with 0.0112372 g 13c for every 1g 12c), what is the δ 13c?
is your answer from "b" negative or positive, and what does it mean about 13c in this case?

Extensive and unusual cold snaps have occurred here recently. is this evidence that global warming is lessening or not occurring? no—although the long-term trend is for warming, short-term weather patterns can still be variable. no—melting of glaciers and ice caps is making the oceans cooler, which can cause cold snaps. yes-- if global warming really were occurring, cold snaps wouldn’t happen. yes—due to global warming, weather patterns should be become less—not more—variable.