How does the way the sio4 groups are linked in the crystal structure affect the kind of cleavage or fracture that quartz has?

a.
the sio4 tetrahedra do not form planes in the structure so that there is no cleavage.

b.
the sio4 tetrahedra are lined up such that there are "windows" through the structure in one direction, resulting in one direction of perfect cleavage.

c.
the sio4 tetrahedra are isolated in the quartz structure, making it impossible to break evenly, and thus resulting in conchoidal fracture.

d.
the sio4 tetrahedra are arranged such that the quartz crystals cleave evenly into hexagonal prisms

The investiture controversy began as a power struggle between pope gregory vii (1072–85) and henry iv, holy roman emperor (1056–1106).[2] a brief but significant struggle over investiture also occurred between henry i of england and pope paschal ii in the years 1103 to 1107, and the issue played a minor role in the struggles between church and state in france, as well.by undercutting the imperial power established by the salian emperors, the controversy led to nearly 50 years of civil war in germany, and the triumph of the great dukes and abbots. imperial power was finally re-established under the hohenstaufen dynasty. historian norman cantor:

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