This pestle for mashing taro found in papua, new guinea, and believed to be 8,000 years old indicates that people in the region had
a. relied upon crops that they grew
b. lived nomadic lives
c. developed trade with other oceanic cultures
d. developed the ability to communicate

a. relied upon crops that they grew

Explanation:

The pestle for mashing taro that is estimated to be 8,000 years old suggest that the people of Papua New Guinea were relying upon crops they grow for a very long time now. The taro is crop that requires well drained soil and lot of water, so the wet tropical climate of Papua New Guinea allowed for this crop to thrive. In order to not be reliant on mother nature, the people started to plant this crop in order to produce enough food for themselves, and so they did, solving their biggest problem.

there's multiple reasons why the conquistadors were so successful in colonizing central america, and some of them are:

- they were seen as gods;

at the beginning, the spanish settlers were seen by the natives as gods, and this was mainly due to their white skin, and the way they came with their boats.

- possessed superior weaponry;

the spanish had gunpowder and guns, as well as cannons, while the natives did not had any fire weapons.

- made cleaver alliances;

they used the situation of tribes hating each other, so they made alliances with some of them which served them very well.

- brought diseases;

the native people were not immune to certain diseases the europeans brought with them, so they were dying from seeming harmless things for european standards.

c. seafloor spreading occurs.

d. crust becomes molten rock.

e. denser plates slide under lighter plates.