In urban africa, all of the following forces have driven the trend toward ever more people engaging in multiple economic activities except:
(a) increasing numbers living close to the poverty level.
(b) government programs that to reduce family size
(c) limited job creation in the private sector
(d) employment freezes and retrenchment in the public sector

The correct answer is option B.

Explanation:

In the urban parts of Africa more and more people are getting engaged in multiple jobs. This trend is because of several reasons.

There is an increase in the number of poor people or people living close to poverty lines. To meet their ends, they are doing multiple jobs.

Also, there is limited job job creation in the private sector. Economic growth is slow leading to lesser job creation than required.

In the public sector as well, there is no job creation, in fact retrenchment is taking place.

Though multiple jobs do not have link with government programs to reduce population.

So, option B is the correct answer.