How do scientists study pollen grains to them understand climate change? by analyzing and making inferences about them by observing and listing facts about them by studying and reading more about them by inspecting them and sharing findings with other scientists

The correct answer is A) by analyzing and making inferences about them

A, by analyzing and making inferences about them.

Explanation:

Pollen grains are the sperm-carrying reproductive bodies of seed plants like conifers, cycads, and flowering plants. These grains have their very own unique shape depending on what plant it comes from.

When pollen grains are washed or blown into bodies of water, their tough outer walls allow them to be preserved in sediment layers in the bottoms of ponds, lakes, or oceans. Because of their unique shapes, scientists can then take a core sample of the sediment layers and determine what kinds of plants were growing at the time the sediment was deposited. Knowing what types of plants were growing in the area allows the scientists to make inferences about the climate at that time by using knowledge about modern and historical distributions of plants in relation to climate.

Once they take a core sample, the scientists isolate the pollen and spores from the sediments and rocks using both chemical and physical means. The grains are very small, typically between 10 and 200 micrometers.The scientists count and identify the grains using a compound microscope and generate diagrams of the type and abundance of pollen in their samples.

Scientists obtain records of changes in vegetation going back hundreds of thousands, and even millions of years by analyzing pollen from well-dated sediment cores. Not only can pollen records tell them about the past climate, but they can also tell them how we are impacting our climate. Comparing trends in vegetation from the last few thousand years to recent trends in vegetation can also help scientists determine whether human activities have had significant impacts on ecosystems.

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