What effect does permafrost have on root development?

What was istanbul called before he ottomans conquered the city in the 15th century

Rescooperate ice cream shop recently analyzed their books. they found that in the past year, they made 100000 selling ice cream and spent 75000 on supplies and factory space. the remaining 25000 represents

Acivilization exists for several hundred yeaars, developing its own language. such a civilization probably has been: a. farming corn b. suffering from a lack of contact with the outside world. c. isolated by mountains or some other physical barriers. d. starving from lack of trade.