Drought and leaching have continued to the process a major environmental challenge in africa a. animal endangerment. b. reforestation c. desertification d. air pollution

The answer is C. Desertification. 

Desertification is a kind of land degradation where fertile land becomes a desert. The major causes of desertification is drought, which is a prolonged period of little to no rainfall and leaching. Both drought and leaching promotes erosion which is part of the process of desertification. 

Magma is outside the volcano  and lava is inside the volcano. 

Answeroil-shale;