When a literary work focuses on topics or ideas that can be understood by multiple cultures and societies, like death, love, or friendship, it is said to address themes.
localized
archetypal
universal
current

The correct answer is C. Universal

Explanation:

In literature, the beliefs or ideas the author wants to convey through a literary work (for example a novel or short story) and that are often related to some important aspect of human life such as love, death, good vs. evil or similar are called themes. Additionally, themes can be classified as specific or cultural if they can be understood and shared by only a certain community or culture or as universal or global if themes are commonly shared by multiple cultures or societies. Therefore, if a literary work focuses on ideas or topics (themes) that address different cultures and societies and can be understood by the members of them, this means the literary work address universal themes.

recent brain research has shown some surprising benefits as a result of formal musical training. learning to play a musical instrument appears to develop parts of the brain that can even influence academic results. the studies indicate that the earlier a child begins training, the more benefits there are. one such study showed that children who began musical studies before the age of seven had a more developed brain in the region where language production and auditory processing take place. scientists believe there is mounting evidence to show that early musical training can improve brain function.

explanation:

a compare and contrast essay is a piece of formal writing in which the author focus on the similarities between two ideas, objects, places, etc., and the differences between them. there are some aspects that the author should take into account when he/she is crafting the essay. first, the author has a clear idea of the effect that he/she wants to produce on the audience (a purpose). his/her main idea should be presented in the thesis statement in a simple but effective way which gives the audience a clear idea of the content and the direction of the essay. in addition, it is also important to focus to the similarities and differences that not only are interesting and relevant to the reader but also provide a new, impressive point of view or deeper understanding of a topic.