This decision represented the consensus of the science committee for the rose center's design and construction, of which i served as head. while the accountability and originality of our pedagogical approach to the subject lies equally among us on the committee, as director of the hayden planetarium i became the most visible exponent of this decision when, a full year after the rose center opened to the public, the new york times broke a page-1 news story that we had demoted pluto from its ranks of planethood. i was henceforth branded a public enemy of pluto lovers the world over. neil degrasse tyson, the pluto files what is the main idea of this paragraph? a. dr. tyson is the director of the hayden planetarium and has been involved with the exhibits at the rose center for many years. b. the science committee is usually responsible for most of the scientific exhibits that are displayed in the rose center. c. even though the decision about pluto was made by a lot of people, dr. tyson received the most negative attention for it. d. the rose center was designed specifically to house exhibits that focused on astronomy or models of the solar system.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

the development of trade during the middle age increased to the change given in the agriculture, which gave money, industry and markets a bigger importance in economy. the agriculture production was more than the consumption, which meant the creation of wider markets out of the areas. besides, with the end of multiple wars, the population increased and new trade routes were created.