Locate the gerund. since it is used as a noun, determine its noun use. reckless driving is dangerous. gerund: use:

Explanation:

The gerund would be: driving.

Whereas the use would be: subject.

The adjective reckless modifies the verb driving turning the phrase into a noun, reckless driving, whose main function is as a subject for the rest of the sentence.

Another example would be: creative filmmaking is not common nowadays.

the answer is: the start of world war i, and russia’s hopes of benefiting from it

during world war i russian joined due to in their current crisis they were being supported by france and the war was already declared to them by germany, they needed to maintain their political goal and leadership role in the balkans, and is the same feeling that this excerpt evoke the eager of maintain the land value.