An author’s viewpoint is the way in which he or she

C). Perceives an object.

Explanation:

An author's viewpoint is represented as the way in which the author 'perceives or considers an object' which is reflective of his/her opinions, or thoughts, choice or preferences, etc. This aids the readers to identify the context in which particular information is given or the reason for the creation of that work.

The author's viewpoint assists the readers with the frame or lenses that would determine how they would think or feel about a particular literary text. It is simply described as the approach or outlook through which an author relates a text which reveals his/her own beliefs and perceptions and therefore, such viewpoint could offer biased information (due to inclusion of personal opinions or thoughts). Thus, option C is the correct answer.

the following key ideas correctly express the key sentence.

restate key idea: most people can learn to swim in ten short lessons.

restate key idea: the majority of water-accident victims require mouth-to-mouth breathing.

restate key idea: an empty, tightly closed gallon jug will support a tired swimmer.  

restate key idea: first aid is to prevent accidents as well as assist in rescue.

explanation: the key idea needs to have the same topic as the key sentence (drowning and safety).