How does including facts, claim, and counter claim with success for your written arguments?

Your claim is your argument. Without it, you're not arguing anything. Facts are what builds into your logos, or logic. It's how you support your claim. The better the facts, the stronger the claim. Using a counter claim helps because it shows you understand there is a counter argument, which shows better research into your argument. Including the counter claim can also allow you to refute the opposing side with facts that work toward your argument.