7. why do authors use flat characters? 8. why do authors sometimes choose to use surprise in their writing? 9. what are four methods that authors might use to create surprise? 10. how do characters advance a plot?

After depriving her of all rights as a married woman, if single, and the owner of property, he has taxed her to support a government which recognizes her only when her property can be made profitable to it…. he has denied her the facilities for obtaining a thorough education, all colleges being closed against her…. he has usurped the prerogative of jehovah himself, claiming it as his right to assign for her a sphere of action, when that belongs to her conscience and to her god. he has endeavored, in every way that he could, to destroy her confidence in her own powers, to lessen her self-respect, and to make her willing to lead a dependent and abject life. now, in view of this entire disfranchisement of one-half the people of this country, their social and religious degradation--in view of the unjust laws above mentioned, and because women do feel themselves aggrieved, oppressed, and fraudulently deprived of their most sacred rights, we insist that they have immediate admission to all the rights and privileges which belong to them as citizens of the united states. read the passage on the left to answer the following questions: 4) in what manner was this document patterned off of the preamble to the declaration of independence? a) it uses the same language, but frames women being oppressed by men instead of the 13 colonies being oppressed by the british. b) it uses different language, but argues for a society in which men and women separate like the colonists separated from the british. c) it uses the same language, but frames the notion of men standing up for women instead of the 13 colonies standing up to the british. d) it uses different language, but argues for a society in which men and women join forces to attack the injustices that plague both sexes.