Why are logos, pathos, and ethos used to in an argument

What does the word precocious mean in this sentence

Determining sentence type match each sentence with its type. i looked over my shoulder, because ! had an eerie feeling simple the child ran to greet the dog, and the teddy bear fell to the ground. compound-complex the leaf broke loose from the gnarled branch complex while the moon was full, the wolves howled and the dogs slept. compound

Ineed quick me on this one and others