What do you look for in poems to increase your comprehension?

Which revision of this sentence best uses direct characterization?

1. a poem that tells a story irony 2. taking on human characteristics narrative 3. a direct comparison between two things personification 4. words that are opposite the thoughts in a speaker's mind simile 5. implied comparison introduced with "as" and "like idiom 6. one's own manner of speaking metaphor

Which pair of words has similar denotation but different connotations?