Read the summary of the Fourteenth Amendment of the U. S. Constitution. Passed by the Senate on June 8, 1866, and ratified two years later, on July 9, 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to all persons "born or naturalized in the United States," including formerly enslaved people, and provided all citizens with “equal protection under the laws,” extending the provisions of the Bill of Rights to the states. The amendment authorized the government to punish states that abridged citizens’ right to vote by proportionally reducing their representation in Congress. It banned those who “engaged in insurrection” against the United States from holding any civil, military, or elected office without the approval of two-thirds of the House and Senate. The amendment prohibited former Confederate states from repaying war debts and compensating former slave owners for the emancipation of their enslaved people. Finally, it granted Congress the power to enforce this amendment, a provision that led to the passage of other landmark legislation in the twentieth century, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Congress required former Confederate states to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment as a condition of regaining federal representation.

Based on this, which detail from the "Address to the Niagara Movement" deals with the application of constitutional principles?

"Never before in the modern age has a great and civilized folk threatened to adopt so cowardly a creed in the treatment of its fellow citizens born and bred on its soil."

"Thank God for all those today, few though their voice be, who have not forgotten the divine brotherhood of all men, white and black, rich and poor, fortunate and unfortunate."

"We refuse to surrender the leadership of this race to cowards and trucklers."

"The work of stealing the black man's ballot has progressed and the fifty and more representatives of stolen votes still sit in the nation's capital."