What items were on Marley’s chains? What do they have in common? What might they represent?

the answer is both an appeal to ethos and logos (if that's what your question options were)

i think its d

hope i can you

i believe it is the first choice (1.)

because the major theme is(“both the wild and civilization have rules.”)

and also as u said,( based on what buck learns within the call of the wild, "both the wild and civilization have rules".this is true of humans within society as well.

pretty sure it is d hope this