What elements are needed in creating simple melodies?

please answer

"The essential elements of any melody are duration, pitch, and quality (timbre), texture, and loudness. Though the same melody may be recognizable when played with a wide variety of timbres and dynamics, the latter may still be an "element of linear ordering."

the two sonnets of sidney most closely follows the division between the octave and the sestet are the astrophel and stella sonnets.

the switch in narration increases the proximity of the narrator to the main character and the reader can perceive information only through the filter of a single character.