Read the excerpt from hemingway’s a farewell to arms.

the major asked me to have a drink with him and two other officers. we drank rum and it was very friendly. outside it was getting dark. i asked what time the attack was to be and they said as soon as it was dark. i went back to the drivers. they were sitting in the dugout talking and when i came in they stopped. i gave them each a package of cigarettes, macedonias, loosely packed cigarettes that spilled tobacco and needed to have the ends twisted before you smoked them. manera lit his lighter and passed it around. the lighter was shaped like a fiat radiator. i told them what i had heard.

hemingway develops the narrator through?
a. direct characterization.
b. obvious characterization.
c. character narrative.
d. indirect characterization.