Câu 2: We ought to keep these proposals secret from the chairman for the time being. A. lively B. frequented C. accessible D. revealed

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).

everett ross tried the pasta but liked the soup more

the underline word is basically like a prepositional phrase.