Not Just a Croak (1) Scientists know that male bullfrogs talk to other bullfrogs by croaking. (2) Recent studies, however, show that the croak is more complicated than it sounds. (3) Researchers at Brown University say the bullfrog's croak can include a series of stutters. (4) Researchers believe the pattern of the stuttering determines what the frog is saying. (5) All of the croaks that were studied began with no stutter at all. (6) Then, as the croaking continued, various sorts of stuttering occurred. (7) The researchers say the stuttering pattern can be quite complex, suggesting that frogs have an impressive vocabulary!

Choose the best place to add the following sentence.

Among other things, they croak to stake out their territory.
A.
before sentence 4
B.
after sentence 1
C.
before sentence 7
D.
after sentence 5

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)

the universe is complete credible source of our oxygen