Instead of focusing solely on standardized testing, school districts should pay more attention to the learning habits of students and their ability to synthesize and apply knowledge. This is an example of which type of claim?

Claim of policy.

Explanation:

A claim can be defined as a statement that is used by a writer to prove, substantiate or support an argument.

Thus, a claim is an assertive statement expressed by an individual to prove that an argument is true or real.

This ultimately implies that, when individuals engage in an argument or write an argumentative essay, they make use of a claim to state or express their opinions about the subject matter or topic.

There are five (5) main types of claim and these includes;

I. Claim of fact (definition): it argues and presents the truth or falsity of any debatable fact or reason. A fact can be defined as an evidential information provided about a specific topic, event or subject matter in its actual and true conditions.

II. Claim of comparison: it used to show the similarities or differences between two or more things.

III. Claim of cause and effect: it is used to illustrate a cause and effect relationships. Cause and effect can be defined as the relationship between two things or events in which an occurrence of one (cause) leads to the occurrence of another (effect).

IV. Claim of value: it is used to establish whether a subject of discussion or an issue is good or bad. Thus, the value of the claim is based on whether or not the issue or subject matter is considered to be good or bad with respect to the judgement of the writer.

V. Claim about a policy (solution):

it focuses on exploring the nature of a problem and then proffer solutions that are to be implemented. Thus, it describes a problem and proffers a solution using signal words such as dilemma, solve, problem, should, etc.

In this scenario, the writer suggested (stated) to school districts, that more attention be given to student's learning habits and their ability to synthesize (produce) and apply or use knowledge rather than focus solely on standardized testing. Thus, this is an example of a claim of policy because the nature of the problem was explored and possible solution was proffered by the writer.

bildungsroman is a german word for novel covering youth to adulthood which describes a coming-of-age story

formal arguments

in written, formal arguments, the best way to build credibility with readers is to provide them with evidence. no matter what your argument might be and which side you agree with, citing strong evidence to back up your claim leaves the opposition with little to argue.

emotional appeal is often used in oral arguments. written arguments, however, rely on four main types of evidence. as you read further, you will see that some types are more credible than others and "hold more water" so to speak.

statistical evidence

the strongest type of evidence in formal writing is statistical evidence. this ranges from true, hard data presented as a percentage or number, to survey-type data. for example, statistical evidence could be:

4 out of 5 experts claim

85% of women in the united

7 members were present

statistical evidence can be proven as fact. you can actually go out and find hard information to prove your particular claim.

testimonial evidence

the use of celebrities as credibility evidence can be considered testimonial in nature. many people look up to celebrities as role models in their lives. good or bad, when a person chooses a life-path that takes them into public light, there will be many others out there who want to emulate the celebrity. these celebrity endorsements provide the second-strongest type of evidence found in formal arguments.

testimonial evidence can also be collected from experts and authorities in a given field. doctors, dentists, lawyers often provide expert testimonials. their authority is not often questions. they are expected to "know their stuff."

anecdotal evidence

when storytelling is involved as evidence, anecdotal evidence is being used. due to its less objective nature, anecdotal evidence is not extremely strong. when coupled with statistical or testimonial evidence, anecdotal evidence can be highly effective in determining credibility or proof.

storytelling, although based on fact, can include quite a bit of opinion, thus making it less objective. usually, eyewitnesses are used as providers of anecdotal evidence. they saw or experienced the phenomenon at hand are telling their version or side of the story.

analogical evidence

when information is scarce about something and little is known, analogical evidence is often used in a formal argument to increase credibility of the proof. if the phenomenon in question is new and little is known about it, analogical evidence that pulls in known factors about a similar phenomenon to show parallels can be an effective way to provide proof.

due to limited knowledge about the phenomenon, in this situation, analogical evidence can be regarded as the weakest type of evidence used in formal arguments. one can only imagine and hope that the comparison-phenomenon is close enough that the results can be applied to the new phenomenon.

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all that really matters in a formal argument is whether or not the writer has credible evidence to back up what they want to say or what they are thinking. so often, we hear people say, "prove it! " to one another.

one last little formal arguments not only provide credible evidence to support claims, don't forget that acknowledgment of the opposing point of view in an argument also strengthens the entire product.