What do good speakers do to help their listeners understand an unfamiliar topic?

Engage the audience — get them interested, give them a reason to listen. How?

Describe a scene or a character.

Tell a story.

Share a personal experience.

Relate to a recent event.

Piggyback on a previous speaker’s remark or theme.

Point out something important about the audience or the current setting.

Show a compelling visual image.

Ask a provocative question.

State a fact that is troubling, amusing, or remarkable.

Spell out what's at stake for your listeners.

Offer a humorous observation or anecdote.

Explain your own interest in the topic.

Tell listeners what the topic has to do with them.

Focus the presentation—tell listeners what it’s about. State the presentation’s goal or your thesis or research question. Tell listeners what they’ll learn.

Preview what’s to follow—your points, your approach, or the type of content.

To begin with, consider the age of your audience. A five-year-old, for example, will need simpler words for them to understand, rather than an adult. You can't use complex words to your audience(or readers), even if they're older since you are discussing an unfamiliar topic. Think about what level of detail your listeners will need. Before speaking, think about your tone because it will affect the listeners.

Next, introduce the subject clearly, explaining what will be taught by the subject. And you might also engage the listeners with an introduction that will get them interested in the topic.

Then, incorporate information or details if your audience is unfamiliar with whatever subject you are discussing. Remember to leave out anything that is obvious. And always be prepared to answer questions as you go and provide more details if they appear to be confused. In addition to that, you can bring or create a visual aid to help both them and you to visualize and further explain what you are doing or discussing.

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