1 Do you know what Juneteenth is? If you are from Texas, the name should sound familiar. 2 It is the name for a holiday that celebrates June 19, 1865. On that day, Union soldiers arrived in Texas. General Gordon Granger read the "General Order #3" from a balcony in Galveston. The order explained that President Abraham Lincoln had delivered his Emancipation Proclamation. Enslaved people in the state learned for the first time that they had been freed.

3 News traveled very slowly in those days. President Lincoln gave the Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863. The people in Texas, however, did not hear of President Lincoln's Proclamation until more than two years after it was issued!

4 The Emancipation Proclamation declared "that all persons held as slaves" within the rebellious states "are, and henceforward shall be free." That meant that enslaved people living in the Confederate states were freed. Unfortunately, the Emancipation Proclamation was very limited. It only applied to the states that had seceded from the Union. Slavery was still allowed to continue in the border states. These states included Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri. Even though the border states were slave states, they had chosen to stay in the Union.

5 The Emancipation Proclamation also did not apply to parts of the Confederacy that had already come under Northern control. Most importantly, the freedom the Emancipation Proclamation promised depended upon Union military victory. Southerners were not going to free their enslaved people because Abraham Lincoln told them to. Instead, enslaved people were only truly free when the Union army arrived. After the war was over and the Thirteenth Amendment was ratified in December 1865, slavery officially ended in all parts of the United States.

6 Juneteenth was an informal holiday that was celebrated each year since 1865. It was not until June 3, 1979, however, that Texas became the first to make it a state holiday. In Texas, the holiday's official name is Emancipation Day. Most people, however, still call it Juneteenth. Today, nearly every single state recognizes Juneteenth. Some states, like Texas, observe it as a state holiday. Others recognize it as a day of observance.

7 It is important to remember that Juneteenth is much more than a holiday. Juneteenth has become a day for African Americans to celebrate their freedom, culture, and achievements. It is a day for all Americans to celebrate African American history and rejoice in their freedom.

Why did news of the Emancipation Proclamation take so long to reach Texas?

a. The decision to free enslaved people in rebel states was made in secret.
b. Texas was considered a border state and was still permitted to have slavery.
c. Long-distance communication was not easy, so news traveled very slowly at the time.
d. Union soldiers decided that Texas would be the last state they visited.

Memories of a memory have you ever witnessed something amazing, shocking or surprising and found when describing the event that your story seems to change the more you tell it? have you ever experienced a time when you couldn't really describe something you saw in a way that others could understand? if so, you may understand why some experts think eyewitness testimony is unreliable as evidence in scientific inquiries and trials. new insights into human memory suggest human memories are really a mixture of many non-factual things. first, memory is vague. imagine your room at home or a classroom you see every day. most likely, you could describe the room very generally. you could name the color of the walls, the floors, the decorations. but the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. memory tends to save a blurry image of what we have seen rather than specific details. so when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall when faced with several tall people. there are lots of different kinds of "tall." second, memory uses general knowledge to fill in gaps. our brains reconstruct events and scenes when we remember something. to do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. for example, one day at a library you go to quite frequently, you witness an argument between a library patron and one of the librarians. later, when telling a friend about the event, your brain may remember a familiar librarian behind the desk rather than the actual participant simply because it is recreating a familiar scene. in effect, your brain is combining memories to you tell the story. third, your memory changes over time. it also changes the more you retell the story. documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. research has also shown that the more a witness's account is told, the less accurate it is. you may have noticed this yourself. the next time you are retelling a story, notice what you add, or what your brain wants to add, to the account. you may also notice that you drop certain details from previous tellings of the story. with individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. did you really break your mother's favorite vase when you were three? was that really your father throwing rocks into the river with you when you were seven? the human brain may be quite remarkable indeed. when it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture. part a and part b below contain one fill-in-the-blank to be used for all three question responses. your complete response must be in the format a, b, c including the letter choice, commas, and a space after the commas. part a: which of the following best explains why memories from childhood are unreliable? fill in blank 1 using a, b, or c. our brains add details and general knowledge to childhood memories. our brains are not as reliable as video cameras are. our brains create new stories to make the past more interesting. part b select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to part a. add your selection to blank 1 using e, f, or g. but the image you describe will never be as specific or detailed as if you were looking at the actual room. when a witness tries to identify someone, her brain may recall that the person was tall, but not be able to say how tall. to do this, our brains use other memories and other stories when there are gaps. select one quotation from the text that supports your answer to part a. add your selection to blank 1 using h, i, or j. documented cases have shown eyewitnesses adding detail to testimony that could not have been known at the time of the event. with individual memories all jumbled up with each other, it is hard to believe we ever know anything to be true. when it comes to memory, however, we may want to start carrying video cameras if we want to record the true picture answer for blank 1:

My cat and my dog like best friends

Read the excerpt from chapter 18 in frankenstein. alas! to me the idea of an immediate union with my elizabeth was one of horror and dismay. i was bound by a solemn promise which i had not yet fulfilled and dared not break, or if i did, what manifold miseries might not impend over me and my devoted family! could i enter into a festival with this deadly weight yet hanging round my neck and bowing me to the ground? i must perform my engagement and let the monster depart with his mate before i allowed myself to enjoy the delight of a union from which i expected peace. examine this excerpt to analyze the way the author’s choice of words adds to the meaning and impacts the tone of this portion of frankenstein. what does victor mean when he talks about “this deadly weight yet hanging round my neck and bowing me to the ground”? how do these words affect the tone at this point in the story? use examples and evidence from the text to support your analysis. frankenstein chapter 18