Which one of the following rhetorical appeals is NOT used to refine the speaker's claim in the following example?
Last night Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong.
Last night Japanese forces attacked Guam.
Last night Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands.
Ethos
O Parallelism
Repetition
O Logos

He had only gone a few steps when he heard some one calling him from behind. on turning back he was much surprised to see that the monster dragon had entirely disappeared and in its place was a strange-looking man, who was bowing most ceremoniously to the ground. his red hair streamed over his shoulders and was surmounted by a crown in the shape of a dragon's head, and his sea-green dress was patterned with shells. hidesato knew at once that this was no ordinary mortal and he wondered much at the strange occurrence. —"my lord bag of rice," yei theodora ozak which element of a folktale is included in this excerpt? a) characters with exaggerated abilities b) a lesson about human behavior c) details changed by different storytellers d) characters who play tricks