What appeal does he primarily use here?

Correct answer is d " Ethos.

Explanation:

Ethos, pathos, and logos, and kairos are example of mode of  persuasion. They are used to inducing others to believe  in a particular idea. These techniques are always used in writing and adverts to convince the public.

Ethos is a type of persuasion to the authority or thrust worth to the presenter. It is the method the presenter talk about himself and shows to people how he/she is qualified and knowledgeable to talk about the subject.

A metaphor doesn’t belong to manner of persuasion group. It is a figure of speech. It is a creative way to describe something using references.

- "the answers are a and b.  

when cullen speaks of planting while others reap, and standing "abject and mute," he is speaking about the racial injustices present in american society. as these injustices have changed over time, the american identity  has also shifted. those changes are, in turn, reflected in american literature."

hello,

your answer is a) the metaphor suggests that the poetic themes are serious and dark.

collins is comparing the poem to a dark room. he is suggesting that the poems theme is serious and wants you to understand it. you don't need to understand the poet in order to understand the poem. you also don't need to move around while reading it. he is simply saying the poem has a dark and serious theme.

- i.a -