Which excerpt from the odyssey demonstrate the importance of hospitality in greek society?
here is a poor man come, a wanderer,
driven by want to beg his bread, and everyone
in hall gave bits, to cram his bag—only
antinous threw a stool, and banged his shoulder
“suppose athena’s arm is over us, and zeus
her father’s, must i rack my brains for more? ”
“the cruel belly, can you hide its ache?
how many bitter days it brings! ”
odysseus only shook his head, containing
thoughts of bloody work, as he walked on,
then sat, and dropped his loaded bag again
upon the door sill.

I would say that the excerpt from The Odyssey that demonstrate the importance of hospitality in Greek society is this one at the beginning: "Here is a poor man come, a wanderer, driven by want to beg his bread, and everyone in hall gave bits, to cram his bag-only Antinous threw a stool, and banged his shoulder".

Explanation:

These lines show how people in Greek society react when they see a poor man, they share what they have, they try to help him. This is very clear in the excerpt when the speaker says: "everyone in hall gave bits, to cram his bag". People seem to care about this "wanderer", they have a solidary attitude towards him.

the sentence does not violate the phrase structure second rule (introduced by noam chomsky) because noun phrases consist of a determiner such as a, the or every, and a noun. in the sentence, the noun phrase the cake includes a determiner (the) and a noun (cake).

on the other hand, the first rule indicates that a sentence encloses a noun phrase, followed by a verb phrase. the example sentence can be analysed as follows:

john (n) + ate (v) + the (det) + cake (n).

there is no sentence to look at.