Read this excerpt from the introduction to wheels of change by sue macy.

wheels of change looks at how the bicycle took america by storm in the 1880s and '90s, and especially at the ways in which it changed women's lives. it also explores the bicycle culture of the era with short features, appearing after each chapter, that highlight the impact of the two-wheeler on everyday life. you'll meet celebrity cyclists of the day, learn cycling slang, read about cycling songs and magazines, and see bicycles used in advertisements for everything from carpets to candy to baking flour.

what is the author’s purpose for including this in the introduction?

to explain the historical significance of bicycles in america
to outline the key points that are presented in wheels of change
to inform the reader about how bicycles changed women’s lives
to emphasize the personal significance of bicycles in her life

sample response: i predict that i will learn about the history of bicycles, what made bicycles popular, and what bicycling and life were like in the 1880s.

1. the historical importance of bicycles to american women

2. famous nineteenth-century bicyclists

3. the evolution of bicycling as an extreme sport

active voice: my father cut the tree.

passive voice: the tree was cut by my father.

active voice: people buy newspapers every day.

passive voice: newspapers are bought (by people) every day.

active voice: people have been using movies as political propaganda since world war ii.

passive voice: movies have been used as political propaganda since world war ii.

active voice: donna gave me my birthday present.

passive voice: i was given my birthday present (by donna). / my birthday present was given to me (by donna).

active voice: mom will leave the keys on the counter.

passive voice: the keys will be left (by mom) on the counter.

the words in parentheses are the agent of the passive voice and can be omitted when obvious, generic, or simply unnecessary.

answer = d. hope this . : -d