How can modern readers better understand the fears and interests of a story's original audience?

What type of figurative language is used in this passage from "letter from birmingham jail"? just as the prophets of the eighth century b.c. left their villages and carried their "thus saith the lord" far beyond the boundaries of their hometowns, and just as the apostle paul left his village of tarsus and carried the gospel of jesus christ to the far corners of the greco roman world, so am i compelled to carry the gospel of freedom beyond my own hometown. allusion symbolism imagery metaphor

Why is this passage an example of inductive reasoning? d: the author starts by using specific information in order to prove a more general theory

Match the term to its description.an elder masquerading as an1. agbalailancestral spirit2. egwugwuan evil spirit which constantlyreincarnates itself in the wombmurder or manslaughter3. ochu4. ogbanjea woman or a man without a title