1. choose the most logical answer.

iran was called persia.

formerly
formally

i guess the cause and effect would show how being around the smoke(the cause) can have negative effects on the body.

explanation:

you can change by someone having a negative opinon of you in many ways for example thi can lead to depression and taking of ones life also known as sucide this effects there self esteem and ego in a negative way making them feel sad depressed and stressed causing them to act gloomy and sad if this continuses this can lead to self harm or much worse things.

hope i .