What kind of local fallacy is being used in the passage?

the trouble with pet shops is that they get their dogs from puppy mills.

1. circular reasoning
2. emotional appeal
3. bandwagon appeal
4. over generalization

asap ! : ) ; )

How does this excerpt develop the central idea that espionage during the civil war was often carried out by untrained citizens? it enhances the reader’s understanding by explaining why training was unnecessary. it changes the reader’s perception of what information a spy was able to obtain. it explains an ordinary person’s motivation for conducting espionage against the enemy. it adds moral complexity to espionage, due to the use of secret and dangerous methods.