Franklin delano roosevelt's infamy speech
december 8, 1941 "yesterday, december 7, 1941—a date which will live in infamy—the united states of america was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the empire of japan. the united states was at peace with that nation and, at the solicitation of japan, was still in conversation with its government and its emperor looking toward the maintenance of peace in the pacific. indeed, one hour after japanese air squadrons had commenced bombing in oahu, the japanese ambassador to the united states and his colleague delivered to the secretary of state a formal reply to a recent american message. while this reply stated that it seemed useless to continue the existing diplomatic negotiations, it contained no threat or hint of war or armed attack. it will be recorded that the distance of hawaii from japan makes it obvious that the attack was deliberately planned many days or even weeks ago. during the intervening time the japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the united states by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace. the attack yesterday on the hawaiian islands has caused severe damage to american naval and military forces. very many american lives have been lost. in addition american ships have been reported torpedoed on the high seas between san francisco and honolulu. yesterday the japanese government also launched an attack against malaya. last night japanese forces attacked hong kong. last night japanese forces attacked guam. last night japanese forces attacked the philippine islands. last night the japanese attacked wake island. this morning the japanese attacked midway island. japan has, therefore, undertaken a surprise offensive extending throughout the pacific area. the facts of yesterday speak for themselves. the people of the united states have already formed their opinions and well understand the implications to the very life and safety of our nation. as commander-in-chief of the army and navy, i have directed that all measures be taken for our defense. always will we remember the character of the onslaught against us. no matter how long it may take us to overcome this premeditated invasion, the american people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory. i believe i interpret the will of the congress and of the people when i assert that we will not only defend ourselves to the uttermost but will make very certain that this form of treachery shall never endanger us again. hostilities exist. there is no blinking at the fact that our people, our territory and our interests are in grave danger. with confidence in our armed forces—with the unbounded determination of our people—we will gain the inevitable triumph—so us god. i ask that the congress declare that since the unprovoked and dastardly attack by japan on sunday, december seventh, a state of war has existed between the united states and the japanese empire." which answer best summarizes the key message in this speech?
a) we had been negotiating peacefully with japan and apparently were deceived.
b) we have been attacked in an evil manner, and we will respond with due force.
c) we have little to fear if we combine our determined efforts to overcome this evil.
d) we must find the fortitude to endure another war, but it can be done with your commitment.

What is the biggest difference in central ideas and themes? question 1 options: themes are for stories with characters in them. there is only a central idea if it is explicitly (specifically, outright) stated in a story. central ideas are a main idea specific to the text, while themes are an universal lesson or moral. themes are only found in nonfiction, while central ideas are found in fiction. question 2 (1 point) which of the following is not a true statement about theme? question 2 options: mulitple themes can be found within a single text theme is usually inferred. the theme is always clearly stated by the author or a character. themes should be supported by evidence from the text. question 3 (1 point) what is indirect characterization? question 3 options: all details stated and implied that give the reader information about a character. details such as age, height, or hair color that give the reader information about a character. actions or dialogue said by a character that give the reader information about a character. the description an author gives about the character in the exposition. question 4 (1 point) which sentence best describes lizabeth's development in "marigolds"? question 4 options: lizabeth matures when she recognizes that love is more powerful than hate. lizabeth learns that sympathy and understanding come from recognizing the truth about other people. lizabeth changes her behavior after she recognizes that she needs to be a better example for her brother. lizabeth comes to recognize that the world is too barren to create lasting beauty. question 5 (1 point) how does the resolution of lizabeth's conflict in "marigolds" develop the theme? question 5 options: lizabeth recognizes that she has looked only at herself rather than at other people. lizabeth's destruction of miss lotte's flowers brings about justice over miss lotte's ill-treatment of the children. lizabeth's pursuit of adventure leads her to a more fulfilling life away from the shantytown. the camaraderie of lizbeth and joey creates meaning in both their lives. question 6 (1 point) which of the following quotations best exemplifies lizabeth's childish nature at the beginning of the story? question 6 options: "and one other thing i remember, another incongruency of memory - a brilliant splash of sunny yellow against the dust - miss lottie's marigolds." "by the time i was fourteen, my brother joey and i were the only children left at the house." "'hey, lizabeth,' joey yelled. he never talked when he could yell." "then i lost my head entirely, mad with the power of inciting such rage, and ran out of the bushes chanting madly, 'old witch, fell in a ditch, picked up a penny and through she was rich! '" question 7 (1 point) the story "marigolds" is told in a flashback. lizabeth recounts the details of the incident with miss lottie for the reader years after they have happened. how is this important to the development of lizabeth's character? question 7 options: lizabeth is older now and realizes that she may not have made the best decisions. lizabeth feels sorry for herself now and thinks that miss lottie is still angry. there were so many kids and so little to do, their behaviors should have been overlooked. all of these question 8 (1 point) lizabeth's "world had lost its boundary lines," when she overheard her father crying to her mother. what can we assume about the character of the father because of her reaction to this moment? question 8 options: we can assume that her father is a weak man. we can assume that her father shares his fears with his children and wife often. we can assume that her father is a proud and strong man and that his brokenness is a change in his character. we can assume that until this moment, her father has only cried to lizabeth but not to her mother which explains her surprise.