Counterclaim: graduation requirements should be based solely on a student's standardized test scores and performance within the classroom.

which claim best corresponds to this counterclaim?
a. students should be required to perform community service in order to graduate.
b. students should be required to maintain a c average in order to graduate. c. standardized testing doesn't provide a full measure of student learning. d. classroom instruction should focus only on subjects that will be on the standardized tests.

A. Students should be required to perform community service in order to graduate is the correct answer for Apex

the purpose of the heading in the passage is to identify who is telling the story.

this excerpt is part of the book sugar changed the world (2010) written by marc aronson and marina budhos. as the book has been written by two people, the heading "marc" indicates that this specific excerpt is being narrated by aronson. in the fragment, marc describes his grandfather's story after hearing it from his cousin. however, there are other excerpts where budhos is the one that tells the story of her family.

aronson and budhos, who are husband and wife in real life, decided to write sugar changed the world when they found out how sugar, which had an important role in slavery and economy, changed their ancestors' lives.